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Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 157-165, May/June 1998
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104 USA
Depletion of dopamine in Drosophila melanogaster adult
males, accomplished through systemic introduction of the tyrosine
hydroxylase inhibitor 3-iodo-tyrosine, severely impaired the ability of
these flies to modify their courtship responses to immature males.
Mature males, when first exposed to immature males, will perform
courtship rituals; the intensity and duration of this behavior rapidly
diminshes with time. Dopamine is also required for normal female sexual receptivity; dopamine-depleted females show increased latency to
copulation. One kilobase of 5' upstream information from the Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase (DTH) gene, when fused to the Escherichia coli 
-galactosidase reporter and transduced into the genome of Drosophila melanogaster, is capable of directing expression of the reporter gene in the mushroom bodies, which are
believed to mediate learning acquisition and memory retention in flies.
Ablation of mushroom bodies by treatment of newly hatched larva with
hydroxyurea resulted in the inability of treated mature adult males to
cease courtship when placed with untreated immature males. However,
functional mushroom bodies were not required for the dopaminergic
modulation of an innate behavior, female sexual receptivity. These data
suggest that dopamine acts as a signaling molecule within the mushroom
bodies to mediate a simple form of learning.
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